Aims and Scope
Recent Articles
The Cytoglobin Expression Under Hypoxic Conditions in Covid-19 Cases
Endah Wulandari, Rr Ayu Fitri Hapsari, Francisca A Tjakradidjaja, Alfiah and Auliyani Andam Suri
The Open Biomarkers Journal, 2023; 13: e187531832304120.
Electronic Publication Date: April 28, 2023
microRNA-146a: A Biomarker for Epileptogenesis, Epilepsy Prognosis, and Treatment Resistance
Zachary O. Dent and Liam Chen
The Open Biomarkers Journal, 2023; 13: e187531832212230.
Electronic Publication Date: January 20, 2023
Editor's Choice
The Hidden Danger of Environmental Chemicals during the “Windows of Susceptibility” in a Woman’s Life – How can we use Intermediate Biomarkers to Improve Breast Cancer Prevention?
Katarzyna Rygiel
Introduction:
It has been observed that many toxic environmental agents increase risk, accelerate development, or deteriorate the course of breast cancer (BC). In particular, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are harmful to endocrine receptor actions and signaling in the breast tissue.
Usually, there is a long interval of time between the exposure to EDC and BC incidence, and this often represents a serious obstacle for effective BC prophylaxis. Notably, during certain periods of a woman’s life cycle, the BC risk is particularly elevated due to increased susceptibility to some EDC. These windows of susceptibility (WOS) include prenatal, puberty, pregnancy, and menopausal transition stages of a female’s life course.
Four WOS have been considered as the most vulnerable periods for BC since the mammary gland undergoes the main anatomical and physiological transformations at those intervals. This means that during specific WOS, the EDC from the environment can have the most dangerous impact on BC risk and possible BC development later in a woman’s life. However, most clinical BC studies related to toxic environmental exposures have not been connected to the specific WOS.
Therefore, the goal of this article is to briefly describe some important research results, focused on the links between EDC and BC, within four critical WOS. In addition, this mini-review outlines some useful biomarkers for further research and prophylaxis of BC and also for both the research community and the medical professionals.
Conclusion:
To bridge the gap in BC prevention, it is essential to recognize the links between EDC and BC within the critical WOS. Moreover, an integrative model of BC research, applying intermediate biomarkers, is necessary to determine the mechanisms of action of various EDC during critical periods in a woman’s lifespan. Hopefully, this will lead to progress in BC prevention.
June 10, 2021
Other Post
- July 31, 2020
Urinary Cotinine as a Biomarker of Cigarette Smoke Exposure: A Method to Differentiate Among Active, Second-Hand, and Non-Smoker Circumstances
December 5, 2008
Aberrant Cytoplasmic Accumulation of Connexin 43 in Human Testicular Seminoma
December 5, 2008
The Effect of n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid on Blood Levels of Malondialdehyde-Deoxyguanosine Adducts in Human Subjects
March 13, 2009
Quantitative Analysis of the Expression of Human N-myristoyltransferase 1 (hNMT-1) in Cancers
February 18, 2010
Serum Endothelin-1, MMP-9, and Myeloperoxidase and Coronary Artery Morphology as Detected by Multi-Slice CT Angiography in Intermediate and High Risk Asymptomatic Subjects
March 30, 2011
Riboflavin as an Oral Tracer for Monitoring Compliance in Clinical Research
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